The Hayward Fault Zone is located in northern California in the San Francisco Bay Area. A 2002 report by the Bay Area Economic Forum suggests that a breakdown in the aqueduct due to an earthquake could cut off Hetch Hetchy water to the Bay Area for 60 days. We’ve updated this video: https://youtu.be/GhFMtCmHc9cOctober 21st will mark the 141st Anniversary of the 1868 Hayward Earthquake. Creep damage to asphalt road surfaces will usually appear as a series of echelon cracks. The Hayward Fault Zone is a geologic fault zone capable of generating destructive earthquakes. Funding and organization for a permanent exhibit at this location is being actively sought, with planning in progress. Severe earthquakes were generated by this fault zone in 1836 and in 1868, and several large earthquakes have been recorded since 1868. Official state Earthquake Fault Zone maps that govern construction setbacks and disclosure are produced by the California Geological Survey. The west side moves north with each major earthquake on it. The surface of the fault is creeping at less than 0.5 cm (0.2 in) per year in the regions of concern. A replacement of the eastern span was completed in August 2013. The Southern Loop was completed in 2002, while the seismic retrofitting of the Claremont tunnel was completed in February 2007.[25][26]. Many modifications have been made to freeway structures to reduce life hazards during seismic events. The Hayward is one of three major fault zones of the San Andreas system that have produced large historic earthquakes in the San Francisco Bay Area (the others being the San Andreas and Calaveras). The Hayward Fault could unleash a magnitude 7.0 earthquake, capable of catastrophic damage. Hayward: Alarm bells have rung in recent years about the Hayward Fault zone, which stretches over 66 miles from San Pablo Bay down to Fremont, running directly beneath parts of … Combined Rodgers Creek and northern Hayward fault slip, magnitude 7.1, Northern Hayward fault slip, magnitude 6.5 *, Southern Hayward fault slip, magnitude 6.7 *. BART trains travel between San Francisco and Oakland through an underwater tube structure. That includes more than 800 deaths, 18,000 injuries … Its last major earthquake occurred on October 21st, 1868, destroying downtown Hayward, killing 5 people and, injuring 30. Recent estimates of the damage potential of a major Hayward Fault earthquake by a professional risk management firm indicate the potential for huge economic losses, of which only a small percentage is insured against earth movement. While the San Andreas Fault is the principal transform boundary between the Pacific Plate and the North American Plate, the Hayward-Rodgers Creek Fault takes up its share of the overall displacement of the two plates. There is the possibility that a large earthquake could trigger very large earth flows, particularly if the soils are seasonally saturated with water, possibly rendering extensive areas unbuildable. Several jurisdictions in the affected area have implemented volunteer Community emergency response team programs to augment the professional response services. (This potential is not shown in the shake intensity maps shown below.). It was long believed that there was no connection between the Hayward Fault and the Calaveras, but geological studies[10] (particularly the examination of very small and deep earthquakes) suggest that the two may be connected. This fault is about 74 mi (119 km) long, situated mainly along the western base of the hills on the east side of San Francisco Bay. The work was the subject of several lawsuits from neighborhood and environmental groups, who were concerned about such extensive construction on top of a major fault. Most of the severe effects of that event were due to poorly responding soil conditions and design deficiencies in large structures. The fault continues north under the eastern margin of Lake Temescal and its dam, which is unlikely to fail since it has been completely reinforced by the extensive earth fill supporting the subsequently improved Highway 24. The map volume is 100 km long, 20 km wide, and extends to a depth of 12 km below sea level. Pacific Gas & Electric Company has numerous gas distribution lines crossing or near the Hayward Fault. USGS The Hayward Fault—Is It Due for a Repeat of the Powerful 1868 Earthquake? Wikipedia As elsewhere in the area, such structures have undergone extensive retrofitting for safety. The current estimates of the probability of a major earthquake on any of the numerous regional faults range up to 70 percent within the thirty-year period 2000–2029. The Hayward Fault, or more correctly the Hayward Fault Zone, is a large geological fault zone located along the western base of the hills on the east side of San Francisco Bay. The faults shown here are represented by simple lines which do not show how deep and large they are. The connection between the Rodgers Creek Fault Zone and the Hayward Fault Zone was unclear until 2015 when a survey of the floor of San Pablo Bay found that the ends of the two faults were smoothly linked between Point Pinole and Lower Tubbs Island. and that much life-safety protective work remains to be done. Creep effects may be seen also in older structures crossing the fault, some of which have been fitted with expansion joints to accommodate this slow motion. Nonetheless, Bay area cities and counties have long expected a major earthquake and as a result all building in the past 30 years has been required to adhere to strict guidelines regarding earthquake resistance. Potentially dangerous landslide areas are also marked, showing great areas beyond the fault that could be rendered uninhabitable by a major event. The Hayward Fault Zone is a geologic fault zone capable of generating destructive earthquakes. In California, the plate is sliding northwestward along a transform boundary, the San Andreas Fault, toward the subduction zone. Modified train scheduling to prevent multiple train exposure at faults has been determined by BART engineers to be impractical due to variations in train passage, but automated event-related realtime train operational response is considered practical (see below). The Hayward fault is part of the wide plate boundary between the two largest lithospheric plates : the Pacific plate on the west and the North American plate on the east. In fact, it was considered the “great earthquake” until the San Andreas Fault tore San Francisco apart 38 years later. Extensive upgrades over a recent eighteen-month interval have addressed the life safety issues,[28] including replacement of the football players' facilities, and an extensive seismic retrofit of those sections not subject to fault shearing. A release on a major segment can substantially increase the likelihood of an earthquake on an adjacent fault segment, increasing the likelihood of two major regional earthquakes within a period of a few months. A major route for commuters traveling from Southern Alameda County, the San Joaquin Valley and the East Bay hills to downtown Oakland and San Francisco, Interstate 580 crosses the fault twice, and runs very close to the fault between the intersections with State Route 13 (the Warren Freeway) and Interstate 238. Additional stabilization includes the driving of large pilings and the connection of additional restraints. The Hayward Fault—Is It Due for a Repeat of the Powerful 1868 Earthquake? There are many small active landslides and evidence of numerous large archaic landslides in the Berkeley Hills. The Association of Bay Area Governments has prepared ground shaking maps that include a possible concurrent scenario (these are shown below). The Hayward fault is an extremely interesting feature of the East Bay and you can see its footprints all over the place once you know where and how to look. The projected worst-case motion at this joint has been determined to be beyond that for which the joint is presently capable, which could cause severe structural problems and mud and water entry into the tube and adjacent subway systems. Similar dangerous soil conditions and insufficiently resistant buildings are also on the southern, western and northern boundaries of San Francisco and San Pablo bays and would also be severely affected by a major earthquake on the Hayward fault. [29] The modifications completed in Summer 2012 involved the cutting of the stadium into four independent sections, followed by the demolition of the two segments directly over the rubble zone. The upshot, for those who live in the San Francisco Bay Area, is that experts say there is a 72% chance of experiencing a magnitude 6.7 or greater earthquake in the next 30 years. A severe earthquake is more likely to disable the offshore causeway portions of Interstate Highway 80 (the Eastshore Freeway), since it is built on fill placed in the 1930s atop mudflats whose upper layers were deposited in the 19th century as a result of extensive hydraulic gold mining in the distant Sierra Nevada mountain foothills. The Hayward Fault is one of the secondary faults in this diffuse zone, along with the Calaveras Fault to the east and the San Gregorio Fault, west of the San Andreas. Similar trench excavations are used in the determination of the frequency and magnitude of prehistoric earthquakes and to determine the location of latent faults as part of the science of Paleoseismology. Earlier earthquakes have been detected by trench exposure and associated radiocarbon dating. Such areas may be stable only under present conditions. It is parallel to and east of its more famous (and much longer) sister fault, the San Andreas Fault. Severe effects were seen in both Oakland and northern San Francisco from the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, even though this event was not extremely large and was centered a significant distance away in the Santa Cruz Mountains. The new finding means that the Rodgers-Hayward system together could produce a quake with a magnitude as high as 7.2. The longest time was the 160-year period between 1470 and 1630. The fault is slowly moving, resulting in offset of structures like this curb. In October 2016, scientists found definitive evidence that the Rodgers Creek Fault and the Hayward Fault are linked together under San Pablo Bay. North of Fremont’s Niles District, the fault runs along the base of the hills that rise abruptly from the valley floor. Local surveys of recently completed work have exposed deficient workmanship in a number of cases involving household retrofits. Similar conditions underlie the eastern approach roads to the Bay Bridge. Running for nearly 74 miles through cities including Fremont, Hayward, Oakland, Berkeley, and Richmon… This fault is about 74 mi (119 km) long, situated mainly along the western base of the hills on the east side of San Francisco Bay. It is expected that these segments may fail singly or in adjacent pairs, creating earthquakes of varying magnitude. The 1868 earthquake occurred well before the East Bay region was extensively urbanized. A number of spills have previously occurred due to landslides and such spill and related toxic and flammable material release may be prevalent in a major seismic event. Fault creep since 1923 offset the original walls at the north and south ends 13 inches (33 cm). It runs through densely populated areas, including Richmond, El Cerrito, Berkeley, Oakland, San Leandro, Castro Valley, Hayward, Union City, Fremont, and San Jose. [15] Although its magnitude was less than the 1906 San Francisco earthquake, the intensity of shaking experienced in the Hayward area may have been greater than in 1906 due to the proximity of the Hayward Fault. This in turn can make fuel supplies for vehicles and emergency generators unavailable locally and impact both domestic water, industrial water, sewage plants, and drainage pumping. While there are indications that a substantial earthquake on a nearby parallel fault can release stress and so also decrease the near-term probability of an earthquake, the opposite appears to be true concerning sequential segments. It’s capable of producing quakes ranging from 7.0 to 8.0 in magnitude. Similar process and product conditions exist at other refineries further inland near Martinez, but mostly these plants are exposed to earthquakes from other faults. The San Andreas Fault and 6 other Bay Area fault zones are on both sides of the bay: San Gregorio fault zone, Hayward fault zone, Franklin fault, Green Valley fault zone, Moraga fault, San Jose fault and Monte Vista-Shannon fault zone. It runs through densely populated areas, including Richmond, El Cerrito, Berkeley, Oakland, San Leandro, Castro Valley, Hayward, Union City, Fremont, and San Jose. Since the 1906 San Andreas event there have been no moderately strong earthquakes on the Hayward fault as were seen before that earthquake. Since the fault runs through heavily populated areas, more than 5 million would be affected directly. Moveout values Due to the extensive use of point of sale scanners and registers in supermarkets this could also impact the ability of stores to sell essential items such as groceries and to preserve frozen food items, as well as terminating cable TV and most internet access. Combined with the historic record, the last five major events were in 1315, 1470, 1630, 1725, and 1868,[16] which have intervals of about 140 years (note that 2018 is 150 years from the major 1868 event). Fremont Earthquake Exhibit: The Hayward Fault Exposed, This geotourism exhibit (April through October 2006, now closed) featured a 12- to 15-foot (5 m) deep pit exposing the Hayward Fault, which could be viewed "face to face" from a shaded platform by descending a staircase. Geological fault in the San Francisco Bay Area, Memorial Stadium supporting columns diverging at the top due to, Potentially impacted structures and features, Electrical and communication system disruption. Foundation and soft story weaknesses are easily remediated in most cases, but this is only effective if the work is competently done, with proper attention to minor details such as nailing patterns and proper connections. However, the 1868 quake caused much damage throughout the then sparsely settled Bay Area, including the city of San Francisco. The Hayward fault where the quake shook lies beneath a highly populated area in the Bay—and the next "big one" could be a magnitude 6.8 to 7 earthquake. In 2028, it will have been 160 years since the 1868 event. The various ABAG maps shown below represent some of the more likely possible combinations. The designed slip margin has been reduced by half due to unforeseen settlement of the tube structure. To start the tour, download and open the “Hayward Fault Map and Tour” file in Google Earth (free download), then click the “Play Tour” button located at the bottom of the “Places” panel. Around Tule Ponds at Tyson Lagoon the fault splits into two traces and continues in a downwarped area The transform boundary defined by the San Andreas Fault is not perfectly straight, and the stresses between the Pacific and North American Plates are diffused over a wide region of the West, extending as far as the eastern side of the Sierra Nevada Mountains. Property loss was extensive and 30 people were killed. Better, but still locally poor soils underlie the portion of Interstate Highway 880 that extends to the South Bay region from the MacArthur Maze. Experience with large area urban destruction such as caused by earthquake, hurricane, and firestorms has shown that complete rebuilding can take up to a decade, owing to various factors. The Hayward Fault is considered one of the most dangerous in the world because scientists believe it is due for a large earthquake and because it … It is also being subducted far to the northwest into the Aleutian Trench. In addition to depriving 85% of San Francisco residents of their drinking water, this would cut off supplies for firefighting and water-intensive industry, causing economic damage of $17.2–28.7 billion. [11][12] In fact, the 1868 event became known as the "Great San Francisco earthquake" until the larger tremor in 1906. Engineers and much of the public had long recognized that a strong earthquake centered close to the bridge on either the Hayward or San Andreas faults could cause a complete collapse of the eastern span. Depending upon seasonal weather conditions at the time of a major event a seismic event could be followed by urban wildfires compounded by damage to water systems or massive landslides in saturated soils. The Hayward Fault Zone is a geologic fault zone capable of generating destructive earthquakes.This fault is about 74 mi (119 km) long, situated mainly along the western base of the hills on the east side of San Francisco Bay.It runs through densely populated areas, including Richmond, El Cerrito, Berkeley, Oakland, San Leandro, Castro Valley, Hayward, Union City, Fremont, and San Jose. The Hayward is one of three major fault zones of the San Andreas system that have produced large historic earthquakes in the San Francisco Bay Area (the others being the San Andreas and Calaveras). In its northern extent, the Hayward Fault lies directly beneath the portion of Highway 13 (the Warren Freeway) that is south of its intersection with Highway 24 and north of its terminal connection with Interstate 580 (the MacArthur Freeway). Affected areas are likely to be without electrical power for an extensive period. Estimated moment magnitude of 6.3–6.7 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX , it was the most recent large earthquake to occur on the Hayward Fault Zone. The red line is the newly discovered surface trace connecting the southern end of the Hayward Fault to the Calaveras Fault, once thought to be an independent system. The Hayward Fault Zone derived its name from the city of Hayward in the San Francisco Bay Area. Much work remains to be done in the region and progress is being hampered by budget constraints imposed by trickle down federal-state-regional deficits, design and construction delays due to state and local political bickering over design, and unexpectedly high steel and cement costs due to the extensive construction work being done in China. While the San Andreas fault gets much of the attention, it's the Hayward fault that quake experts consider the most dangerous fault in America. Additionally, EBMUD created a second route to bring water to these west-of-the-hills customers through the Southern Loop Bypass near Castro Valley. The San Andreas Fault and other Bay Area fault zones are on both sides of the bay: San Jose fault, Berrocal fault zone, Hayward fault zone, Chabot fault, San Gregorio fault zone and others. The mapped traces represent the integration of the following three different types of data: (1) geomorphic expression, (2) creep (aseismic fault slip),and (3) trench exposures.