Having experienced the trauma of the Decembrist Revolt, Nicholas I was determined to restrain Russian society. 25 June] 1796 – 2 March [O.S. He hated serfdom at heart and would have liked to destroy it, as well as dete… In 1833 Russia negotiated the Treaty of Unkiar-Skelessi with the Ottoman Empire. He was a brother of Alexander I of Russia and of Grand Duke Constantine Pavlovich of Russia. The growing grand duke studied French and German as well as Russian, world history, and general geography in French, together with the history and geography of Russia. Such quick inspection tours later became almost an obsession of the emperor. In 1802–03 men replaced women in Nicholas’s entourage, and his regular education began. Nicholas was the son of Grand Duke Paul and Grand Duchess Maria. By the end of his reign Russia had 650 miles of railways. After a year's siege the base fell, exposing Russia's inability to defend a major fortification on its own soil. Nicholas had three brothers, two of whom, the future emperor Alexander I and Constantine, were 19 and 17 years older than he. Circumstances also favoured militarism. From Lyon the young grand duke learned even such things as the Russian alphabet, his first Russian prayers, and his hatred of the Poles (at least he liked later to trace the origin of his bitter antipathy toward that people to the stories told by his nurse about her painful experience in Warsaw in the turbulent year of 1794). For his reactionary policies, he has been called the emperor who froze Russia for 30 years. In the words of a competent observer: “The only failing of this extraordinary woman was her being excessively, one may say, exacting of her children and of the people dependent on her.”. Under Nicholas I the first railway between St. Petersburg and Tsarskoe Selo (Pushkin), 17 miles long, was opened to the public in 1837. Nicholas I of Russia (1796-1855) 2. Updates? Russian Titles and Patronymics; Born on July 6, 1796, at Gatchina Palace in Gatchina, Russia, Nicholas I, Emperor of All Russia (Nikolay Pavlovich) was the third of the four sons and the ninth of the ten children of Paul I, Emperor of All Russia and his second wife Sophia Dorothea of Württemberg (Empress Maria Feodorovna). Nicholas I (Russian: Николай I Павлович, Nikolai I Pavlovich), July 6 (June 25, Old Style), 1796 – March 2 (18 February Old Style), 1855), was the Emperor of Russia from 1825 until 1855, known as one of the most reactionary of the Russian monarchs. Prince Andrew Romanov. Nicholas came to the thrown after the debacle of the Decembrist Revolt, but nonetheless set about to prevent another uprising with a program designed to suppress political dissent at home, and role back constitutional gains in Poland. Russia's failure to reform would ultimately lead to the assassination of Nicholas' successor, the reformer Tsar Alexander II of Russia as well as the later rise of the Bolshevik Party. Nicholas received instruction also in dancing, music, singing, and horseback riding and was introduced at an early age to the theatre, costume balls, and other court entertainment. The new regime became preeminently one of militarism and bureaucracy. Some of them believed that the Russian peasant commune, or Mir, offered an attractive alternative to Western capitalism and could make Russia a potential social and moral savior of humanity. After Russia I loved you more than anything else in the world. It is a paradox that during the absolutism of Nicholas I the golden age of Russian literature occurred. “We were all as if thunderstruck,” Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolaevich wrote in his diary. It began, as always, in France. Nicholas responded to the social unrest in the mid-ninteenth century both at home and abroad by becoming the most reactionary ruler in modern Russian history and among the most reactionary in modern European history. Nicholas I Nicholas I, 1796–1855, czar of Russia (1825–55), third son of Paul I. The match represented a dynastic and political arrangement sought by both reigning houses, which had stood together in the decisive years against Napoleon and after that at the Congress of Vienna—the peace settlement following the Napoleonic Wars—and it proved singularly successful. Alexander III of Russia (1845-1894) 4. He was also the King of Poland and Grand Duke of Finland. The grand dukes were allowed to join the army in 1814, and, although they saw no actual fighting, they lived through the heady emotions of those momentous years and also enjoyed the opportunities to stay in Paris and other places in western and central Europe. In 1848, when a series of revolutions convulsed Europe, Nicholas was in the forefront of reaction. Russia fought a successful war with the Ottomans in 1828 and 1829. Omissions? This led to the Decembrist Revolt in December 26 (14 Old Style), 1825 in which Nicholas almost lost his life, but ultimately he was successful in suppressing the uprising. Nicholas I, Russian in full Nikolay Pavlovich, (born July 6 [June 25, Old Style], 1796, Tsarskoye Selo [now Pushkin], near St. Petersburg, Russia—died February 18 [March 2, New Style], 1855, St. Petersburg), Russian emperor (1825–55), often considered the personification of classic autocracy. Please select which sections you would like to print: While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Nicholas Valentine Riasanovsky (December 21, 1923 – May 14, 2011) was a professor at the University of California, Berkeley and the author of numerous books on Russian … Beyond that, Nicholas was powerfully attracted by the Prussian court and even more so by the Prussian army. Born in 1796, Nicholas was the third of Paul I's four sons. As their website says, Pre-imperial Russian Leadership (860–1721) Russian Empire (1721–1917)Peter I • Catherine I • Peter II • Anna Ivanovna • Ivan VI • Elizabeth • Peter III • Catherine II • Paul I • Alexander I • Nicholas I • Alexander II • Alexander III • Nicholas II Soviet Union (1917–1991)Vladimir Lenin • Joseph Stalin • Georgy Malenkov • Nikita Khrushchev • Leonid Brezhnev • Yuri Andropov • Konstantin Chernenko • Mikhail Gorbachev Russian Federation (1991–present)Boris Yeltsin • Vladimir Putin. In December 25 (13 Old Style) Nicholas issued the manifesto claiming his accession to the throne. Since he was a political conservative, his reign was known for geographical expansion, suppression of disagreement, economic stagnation, poor administrative policies, a corrupt bureaucracy, and frequent wars. Another group, the Slavophiles, enthusiastically favored the Slavs and their culture and customs, and had a distaste for westerners and their culture and customs. “Nesselrode dropped the papers [he held] in his hands in excitement. Russian dominance proved illusory, however. The Russian trip covered much ground at great speed and was quite superficial, but it has interest for the historian because of the notes that Nicholas, following the instructions of his mother, took on everything seen and heard. The future emperor found it much more congenial to examine military and naval centres. Nicholas I Born:Gatchina, 25 June (6 July) 1796Died:St. Petersburg, 18 February (2 March) 1855Reigned:1825-1855 In the 1820s, the Grand Duke Nicholas Pavlovich (the future Emperor Nicholas I) experienced a dramatic change of fate. While many were forced underground during his reign, they would eventually gain momentum after his death. The Slavophiles, therefore, represented a form of Russian messianism. Nicholas I was the most reactionary leader in Russian history. His long autocratic reign earned him the nickname “Gendarme of Europe”.His reign saw the total collapse of Russian military grandeur in the Crimean War.. Background if(typeof __ez_fad_position != 'undefined'){__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-newworldencyclopedia_org-medrectangle-4-0')}; The interregnum lasted until Constantine Pavlovich who was in Warsaw at that time confirmed his refusal additionally. Nicholas was not brought up to become the Emperor of Russia; he had two elder brothers. 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